Chapter 33
Labouring Under Difficulties
While Paul was careful to set before his converts the plain teaching of
Scripture regarding the proper support of the work of God, and while he
claimed for himself as a minister of the gospel the "power to forbear
working" (1 Corinthians 9:6) at secular employment as a means of
self-support, yet at various times during his ministry in the great
centres of civilisation he wrought at a handicraft for his own
maintenance.
Among the Jews physical toil was not thought strange or degrading.
Through Moses the Hebrews had been instructed to train their children to
industrious habits, and it was regarded as a sin to allow the youth to
grow up in ignorance of physical labour. Even though a child was to be
educated for holy office, a knowledge of practical life was thought
essential. Every youth, whether his parents were rich or poor, was taught
some trade. Those parents who neglected to provide such a training for
their children were looked upon as departing from the instruction of the
Lord. In accordance with this custom, Paul had early learned the trade of
tentmaking.
Before he became a disciple of Christ, Paul had occupied a high
position and was not dependent upon manual labour for support. But
afterward, when he had used all his means in furthering the cause of
Christ, he resorted at times to his trade to gain a livelihood. Especially
was this the case when he laboured in places where his motives might have
been misunderstood.
It is at Thessalonica that we first read of Paul's working with his
hands in self-supporting labour while preaching the word. Writing to the
church of believers there, he reminded them that he "might have been
burdensome" to them, and added: "Ye remember, brethren, our
labour and travail: for labouring night and day, because we would not be
chargeable unto any of you, we preached unto you the gospel of God."
1 Thessalonians 2:6, 9. And again, in his second epistle to them, he
declared that he and his fellow labourer while with them had not eaten
"any man's bread for nought." Night and day we worked, he wrote,
"that we might not be chargeable to any of you: not because we have
not power, but to make ourselves an ensample unto you to follow us."
2 Thessalonians 3:8, 9.
At Thessalonica Paul had met those who refused to work with their
hands. It was of this class that he afterward wrote: "There are some
which walk among you disorderly, working not at all, but are busybodies.
Now them that are such we command and exhort by our Lord Jesus Christ,
that with quietness they work, and eat their own bread." While
labouring in Thessalonica, Paul had been careful to set before such ones a
right example. "Even when we were with you," he wrote,
"this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he
eat." Verses 11, 12, 10.
In every age Satan has sought to impair the efforts of God's servants
by introducing into the church a spirit of fanaticism. Thus it was in
Paul's day, and thus it was in later centuries during the time of the
Reformation. Wycliffe, Luther, and many others who blessed the world by
their influence and their faith, encountered the wiles by which the enemy
seeks to lead into fanaticism overzealous, unbalanced, and unsanctified
minds. Misguided souls have taught that the attainment of true holiness
carries the mind above all earthly thoughts and leads men to refrain
wholly from labour. Others, taking extreme views of certain texts of
Scripture, have taught that it is a sin to work--that Christians should
take no thought concerning the temporal welfare of themselves or their
families, but should devote their lives wholly to spiritual things. The
teaching and example of the apostle Paul are a rebuke to such extreme
views.
Paul was not wholly dependent upon the labour of his hands for support
while at Thessalonica. Referring later to his experiences in that city, he
wrote to the Philippian believers in acknowledgement of the gifts he had
received from them while there, saying, "Even in Thessalonica ye sent
once and again unto my necessity." Philippians 4:16. Notwithstanding
the fact that he received this help he was careful to set before the
Thessalonians an example of diligence, so that none could rightfully
accuse him of covetousness, and also that those who held fanatical views
regarding manual labour might be given a practical rebuke.
When Paul first visited Corinth, he found himself among a people who
were suspicious of the motives of strangers. The Greeks on the seacoast
were keen traders. So long had they trained themselves in sharp business
practices, that they had come to believe that gain was godliness, and that
to make money, whether by fair means or foul, was commendable. Paul was
acquainted with their characteristics, and he would give them no occasion
for saying that he preached the gospel in order to enrich himself. He
might justly have claimed support from his Corinthian hearers; but this
right he was willing to forgo, lest his usefulness and success as a
minister should be injured by the unjust suspicion that he was preaching
the gospel for gain. He would seek to remove all occasion for
misrepresentation, that the force of his message might not be lost.
Soon after his arrival at Corinth, Paul found "a certain Jew named
Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife
Priscilla." These were "of the same craft" with himself.
Banished by the decree of Claudius, which commanded all Jews to leave
Rome, Aquila and Priscilla had come to Corinth, where they established a
business as manufacturers of tents. Paul made inquiry concerning them, and
learning that they feared God and were seeking to avoid the contaminating
influences with which they were surrounded, "he abode with them, and
wrought. . . . And he reasoned in the synagogue every Sabbath, and
persuaded the Jews and the Greeks." Acts 18:2-4.
Later, Silas and Timothy joined Paul at Corinth. These brethren brought
with them funds from the churches in Macedonia, for the support of the
work.
In his second letter to the believers in Corinth, written after he had
raised up a strong church there, Paul reviewed his manner of life among
them. "Have I committed an offence," he asked, "in abasing
myself that ye might be exalted, because I have preached to you the gospel
of God freely? I robbed other churches, taking wages of them, to do you
service. And when I was present with you, and wanted, I was chargeable to
no man: for that which was lacking to me the brethren which came from
Macedonia supplied: and in all things I have kept myself from being
burdensome unto you, and so will I keep myself. As the truth of Christ is
in me, no man shall stop me of this boasting in the regions of
Achaia." 2 Corinthians 11:7-10.
Paul tells why he had followed this course in Corinth. It was that he
might give no cause for reproach to "them which desire
occasion." 2 Corinthians 11:12. While he had worked at tentmaking he
had also laboured faithfully in the proclamation of the gospel. He himself
declares of his labours, "Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought
among you in all patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds."
And he adds, "For what is it wherein ye were inferior to other
churches, except it be that I myself was not burdensome to you? Forgive me
this wrong. Behold, the third time I am ready to come to you; and I will
not be burdensome to you: for I seek not yours, but you. . . . And I will
very gladly spend and be spent for you." 2 Corinthians 12:12-15.
During the long period of his ministry in Ephesus, where for three
years he carried forward an aggressive evangelistic effort throughout that
region, Paul again worked at his trade. In Ephesus, as in Corinth, the
apostle was cheered by the presence of Aquila and Priscilla, who had
accompanied him on his return to Asia at the close of his second
missionary journey.
There were some who objected to Paul's toiling with his hands,
declaring that it was inconsistent with the work of a gospel minister. Why
should Paul, a minister of the highest rank, thus connect mechanical work
with the preaching of the word? Was not the labourer worthy of his hire?
Why should he spend in making tents time that to all appearance could be
put to better account?
But Paul did not regard as lost the time thus spent. As he worked with
Aquila he kept in touch with the Great Teacher, losing no opportunity of
witnessing for the Saviour, and of helping those who needed help. His mind
was ever reaching out for spiritual knowledge. He gave his fellow workers
instruction in spiritual things, and he also set an example of industry
and thoroughness. He was a quick, skilful worker, diligent in business,
"fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." Romans 12:11. As he
worked at his trade, the apostle had access to a class of people that he
could not otherwise have reached. He showed his associates that skill in
the common arts is a gift from God, who provides both the gift and the
wisdom to use it aright. He taught that even in everyday toil God is to be
honoured. His toil-hardened hands detracted nothing from the force of his
pathetic appeals as a Christian minister.
Paul sometimes worked night and day, not only for his own support, but
that he might assist his fellow labourers. He shared his earnings with
Luke, and he helped Timothy. He even suffered hunger at times, that he
might relieve the necessities of others. His was an unselfish life. Toward
the close of his ministry, on the occasion of his farewell talk to the
elders of Ephesus, at Miletus, he could lift up before them his toilworn
hands, and say, "I have coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel.
Yea, ye yourselves know, that these hands have ministered unto my
necessities, and to them that were with me. I have showed you all things,
how that so labouring ye ought to support the weak, and to remember the
words of the Lord Jesus, how He said, It is more blessed to give than to
receive." Acts 20:33-35.
If ministers feel that they are suffering hardship and privation in the
cause of Christ, let them in imagination visit the workshop where Paul
laboured. Let them bear in mind that while this chosen man of God is
fashioning the canvas, he is working for bread which he has justly earned
by his labours as an apostle.
Work is a blessing, not a curse. A spirit of indolence destroys
godliness and grieves the Spirit of God. A stagnant pool is offensive, but
a pure, flowing stream spreads health and gladness over the land. Paul
knew that those who neglect physical work soon become enfeebled. He
desired to teach young ministers that by working with their hands, by
bringing into exercise their muscles and sinews, they would become strong
to endure the toils and privations that awaited them in the gospel field.
And he realised that his own teachings would lack vitality and force if he
did not keep all parts of the system properly exercised.
The indolent forfeit the invaluable experience gained by a faithful
performance of the common duties of life. Not a few, but thousands of
human beings exist only to consume the benefits which God in His mercy
bestows upon them. They forget to bring to the Lord gratitude offerings
for the riches He has entrusted to them. They forget that by trading
wisely on the talents lent them they are to be producers as well as
consumers. If they comprehended the work that the Lord desires them to do
as His helping hand they would not shun responsibility.
The usefulness of young men who feel that they are called by God to
preach, depends much upon the manner in which they enter upon their
labours. Those who are chosen of God for the work of the ministry will
give proof of their high calling and by every possible means will seek to
develop into able workmen. They will endeavour to gain an experience that
will fit them to plan, organise, and execute. Appreciating the sacredness
of their calling, they will, by self-discipline, become more and still
more like their Master, revealing His goodness, love, and truth. And as
they manifest earnestness in improving the talents entrusted to them, the
church should help them judiciously.
Not all who feel that they have been called to preach, should be
encouraged to throw themselves and their families at once upon the church
for continuous financial support. There is danger that some of limited
experience may be spoiled by flattery, and by unwise encouragement to
expect full support independent of any serious effort on their part. The
means dedicated to the extension of the work of God should not be consumed
by men who desire to preach only that they may receive support and thus
gratify a selfish ambition for an easy life.
Young men who desire to exercise their gifts in the work of the
ministry, will find a helpful lesson in the example of Paul at
Thessalonica, Corinth, Ephesus, and other places. Although an eloquent
speaker, and chosen by God to do a special work, he was never above labour,
nor did he ever weary of sacrificing for the cause he loved. "Even
unto this present hour," he wrote to the Corinthians, "we both
hunger, and thirst, and are naked, and are buffeted, and have no certain
dwelling place; and labour, working with our own hands: being reviled, we
bless; being persecuted, we suffer it." 1 Corinthians 4:11, 12.
One of the greatest of human teachers, Paul cheerfully performed the
lowliest as well as the highest duties. When in his service for the Master
circumstances seemed to require it, he willingly laboured at his trade.
Nevertheless, he ever held himself ready to lay aside his secular work, in
order to meet the opposition of the enemies of the gospel, or to improve a
special opportunity to win souls to Jesus. His zeal and industry are a
rebuke to indolence and desire for ease.
Paul set an example against the sentiment, then gaining influence in
the church, that the gospel could be proclaimed successfully only by those
who were wholly freed from the necessity of physical toil. He illustrated
in a practical way what might be done by consecrated laymen in many places
where the people were unacquainted with the truths of the gospel. His
course inspired many humble toilers with a desire to do what they could to
advance the cause of God, while at the same time they supported themselves
in daily labour. Aquila and Priscilla were not called to give their whole
time to the ministry of the gospel, yet these humble labourers were used
by God to show Apollos the way of truth more perfectly. The Lord employs
various instrumentalities for the accomplishment of His purpose, and while
some with special talents are chosen to devote all their energies to the
work of teaching and preaching the gospel, many others, upon whom human
hands have never been laid in ordination, are called to act an important
part in soulsaving.
There is a large field open before the self-supporting gospel worker.
Many may gain valuable experiences in ministry while toiling a portion of
the time at some form of manual labour, and by this method strong workers
may be developed for important service in needy fields.
The self-sacrificing servant of God who labours untiringly in word and
doctrine, carries on his heart a heavy burden. He does not measure his
work by hours. His wages do not nfluence him in his labour, nor is he
turned from his duty because of unfavourable conditions. From heaven he
received his commission, and to heaven he looks for his recompense when
the work entrusted to him is done.
It is God's design that such workers shall be freed from unnecessary
anxiety, that they may have full opportunity to obey the injunction of
Paul to Timothy, "Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to
them." 1 Timothy 4:15. While they should be careful to exercise
sufficiently to keep mind and body vigorous, yet it is not God's plan that
they should be compelled to spend a large part of their time at secular
employment.
These faithful workers, though willing to spend and be spent for the
gospel, are not exempt from temptation. When hampered and burdened with
anxiety because of a failure on the part of the church to give them proper
financial support, some are fiercely beset by the tempter. When they see
their labours so lightly prized, they become depressed. True, they look
forward to the time of the judgement for their just award, and this buoys
them up; but meanwhile their families must have food and clothing. If they
could feel that they were released from their divine commission they would
willingly labour with their hands. But they realise that their time
belongs to God, notwithstanding the short-sightedness of those who should
provide them with sufficient funds. They rise above the temptation to
enter into pursuits by which they could soon place themselves beyond the
reach of want, and they continue to labour for the advancement of the
cause that is dearer to them than life itself. In order to do this, they
may, however, be forced to follow the example of Paul and engage for a
time in manual labour while continuing to carry forward their ministerial
work. This they do to advance not their own interests, but the interests
of God's cause in the earth.
There are times when it seems to the servant of God impossible to do
the work necessary to be done, because of the lack of means to carry on a
strong, solid work. Some are fearful that with the facilities at their
command they cannot do all that they feel it their duty to do. But if they
advance in faith, the salvation of God will be revealed, and prosperity
will attend their efforts. He who has bidden His followers go into all
parts of the world will sustain every labourer who in obedience to His
command seeks to proclaim His message.
In the upbuilding of His work the Lord does not always make everything
plain before His servants. He sometimes tries the confidence of His people
by bringing about circumstances which compel them to move forward in
faith. Often He brings them into strait and trying places, and bids them
advance when their feet seem to be touching the waters of Jordan. It is at
such times, when the prayers of His servants ascend to Him in earnest
faith, that God opens the way before them and brings them out into a large
place.
When God's messengers recognise their responsibilities toward the needy
portions of the Lord's vineyard, and in the spirit of the Master Worker
labour untiringly for the conversion of souls, the angels of God will
prepare the way before them, and the means necessary for the carrying
forward of the work will be provided. Those who are enlightened will give
freely to support the work done in their behalf. They will respond
liberally to every call for help, and the Spirit of God will move upon
their hearts to sustain the Lord's cause not only in the home fields, but
in the regions beyond. Thus strength will come to the working forces in
other places, and the work of the Lord will advance in His own appointed
way.
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